04Sand

one

famous time dilation thought experiment, Einstein uses two twins. The brothers

synchronize their

perfectly accurate clocks on Earth, and one of the twins sets off on a journey towards

the stars. Einstein’s

equation predicts that the twin that stayed behind will age faster because he

remains in an inertial frame of

reference. The Earth is considered an inertial frame because, in few

words, it travels at a constant speed,

i.e.,

you do not sense that you are shaken. The adventurous twin

instead feels like in an elevator, he

accelerates,

dodges planets, circles stars, decelerates, and returns

home. Gravity rocks him ad nauseam.

When the twins

meet again, Einstein predicts that the one that

stayed on Earth will be chronologically and

biologically much

older than his adventurous brother. He

adds that their clocks and physical appearance

would change in

accordance with this prediction.

Researchers assert that time dilation has been confirmed

in experiments

where two accurate clocks are

synchronized on the ground and one taken for a ride on a

plane.

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] [

]

Not all relativists believe

that the results of this experiment agree with the predictions of

relativity,

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]

but it is a

fact that the clock

that stayed on the ground ran slower than the one on the airplane.

You must decide now

whether it was

the clock or time which suffered a physical transformation. Relativists

say that it is time.

According to relativity time dilation has two components one kinematic and one gravitational.

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]

The

kinematic explanation invokes the boxcar experiments

that we just covered

. The gravitational

interpretation

suggests that gravity slows clocks down by bending time. (And then they deny that time

is a

physical object

Relativists boast that time dilation has also been confirmed by Pound and Rebka’s

Harvard Tower

Experiment

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]

[

Relativists proudly proclaim this experiment as an important confirmation

of relativity.

The authors claim that gravity affects the frequency of a wave or, if you prefer, slows

time down.

Actually, the authors merely described an observation they didn’t understand.

The authors gave no physical

explanation for the results of their experiment. How does

the concept gravity affect the concept frequency of the

concept wave? Did graviton

particles collide against photon particles? Did warp space bend an EM wave? The

Harvard

Tower Experiment will be a scientific paper the day the authors describe the physical

objects that underlie

the phenomenon (i.e., they have to tell us what gravity and light are

and how one physically interacts with the other.

]

These researchers measured a change in ‘energy’ and concluded that

gravity increasingly ‘compresses’ light

the closer a wave is to the center of the Earth. Since light is the

yardstick that relativists use to measure time,

by extrapolation gravity has a similar effect on time. Here I

will look at this gravitational claim.

t was very considerate of relativists to have bought first class plane tickets for a couple of expensive

atomic

clocks

at your expense

, but they would have actually learned a lot more had they taken a couple

10-cent

hourglasses for a ride. You see, there is a significant difference between the watch that you

carry

around your

wrist and an hourglass. We use clocks to

measure

something the mathematicians

call time.

With an hourglass

you actually

count

grains of sand. This is the best ‘watch’ there is. It relies

entirely on

gravity. Of course, the

mathematicians never liked to count. That’s kindergarten arithmetic

and

demeaning

to them. They like to

measure and calculate.

Measurement

allows them to put exciting

variables in an

equation and introduce

testimony into scientific discussions. Measuring is college level

stuff and gets

you

Nobel

medals and honors

and

celebrity

status. However, I insist. I will test time dilation with

hourglasses if

you don’t mind. If all clocks

produce the results predicted by Special Relativity, no one

should have any

objections to my proposal.

Let’s place Hourglasses # 1 and # 2 into orbit respectiv

ely at 1 mile and at 100 miles from the Earth’s

surface

(

Fig.

)

. If gravity is still working the same way it was this morning when I spilled my coffee on

the floor, it

should accelerate the grains of sand faster and faster as the grain approaches the Earth’s

surface.

[

]

herefore, either Clock # 1 runs faster or at the same rate as Clock # 2 which is farther out

space, but

never

slower. This observation leads to paradox because Special Relativity predicts that

the

clock that is

farther

should run faster. So what did we learn about time?

The real problem with time dilation is that relativists have the scientific method backwards.

order for the

mathematicians to show that gravity induces time to dilate, they must begin by

hypothesizing that time is a

physical object. A simple drawing of a chronon will suffice. Only then can

make sense of their claim. For

example, we can compare the shape of time before and after and

verify

whether there was a change. Dilation

would mean that the chronon or whatever object relativists

present

expanded like your pupils dilate when you

enter a dark room. The only way to certify that

something

dilated is to measure the expansion or radius of the

entity before and after.

Relativists furiously counter-attack and accuse me of misrepresenting what they mean by time dilation.

relativistic jargon, dilation has a different meaning than in ordinary speech, they claim.

Okay. No problem. I think I can handle it. Let’s concede the point for the sake of argument. What does

time

dilation really mean?

When in doubt, consult the experts.

In SR, t

ime dilation

means:

“ the closer we come to traveling at the speed of light… the more time would appear

to slow down for us

from the perspective of someone who, in relation to us, was

not moving. He [Einstein] called the

slowing of time due to motion time dilation.”

[

]

“ Time dilation is the phenomenon whereby an observer finds that another’s clock

which is physically

identical to their own is ticking at a slower rate as measured by

their own clock. This is often taken to

mean that time has ‘slowed down’ for the

other clock, but that is only true in the context of the observer’

s frame of reference.

Locally, time is always passing at the same rate.”

[

]

In other words, time dilation doesn’t mean that something happens to a hypothetical entity called time. It

means

that either something happened to the brain of an observer or to his clock. The observer thinks

time

passed by

quickly or slowly

, but

this is clearly an erroneous explanation. Time does not pass! There is no

object such as

time that can flow by you.

We can

also

produce the

same result by having an observer gulp

down 5 liters of

beer. So what have we learned

about

time? How is

this relevant to Physics? It would seem a

topic more

appropriate for a psychiatrist.

And if it is

the clock that is

objectively measuring time more slowly,

perhaps we

can get a clock that can

do the job

right. Relativists can

argue that they attained brain or clock

dilation, but

hardly the dilation of

time!

Physics is interested in a physical interpretation and the dilation of

time IS the

physical interpretation that relativity offers.

Fig. 1

Relativity predicts that due to stronger gravitational effects, as we
approach the center of the Earth, time should dilate (i.e., time runs
slower). Relativists present as proof the results of the Hafele-Keating
experiment: nearer the Earth, atomic clocks run slower.

Let's now do the experiment the way we do it in Science: objectively.
Science is like the Maffia. In order to guarantee objectivity, the first
thing we do is rub out any witnesses. Then, we avail ourselves not of
accurate, but of objective agents or mechanisms. Accuracy has no
relevance in this context. Here, I will do the time dilation experiment
with a couple of hourglasses. The hourglass is objective because we
'count' grains instead of 'measuring' time. I 'predict' that the grains
will be pulled at the same rate on both clocks or faster on the clock
closer to Earth. Irrespective of which, what did we learn about time?

The Hafele/Keating experiment did not show that gravity dilated time. In the best of cases, it showed that

Mickey’s arms move slower. However, the mathematicians have trouble creating a variable called clock

Mickey’s arm

that they can fit into an equation. Mathematics deals with seconds and minutes and

years. It

would not be very useful to a mathematician to say that Mickey’s right hand spun faster on

Clock 1 than on

Clock 2. Relativists wouldn’t be able to tell you that this has anything to do with one

twin aging faster than

the

other. Relativistic aging has to do with

quantitative

time and not with clocks or

arms or orbits. The

mathematicians would only be able to tell you that the clock of one twin measured

time differently than the

clock of the other. (So what? Tell the twin to get his clock fixed!) Ergo,

they conclude that

what

slowed down

was time.

Now you know why the idiots of relativity invented the term

time dilation

and why they always end up

telling

you

always

that dilation just means something different in Math, something

different than what you imagine if

you challenge the theory. Relativists

perennially move the goal posts on you. Then they continue to treat time

as a

physical

object and

to argue amongst themselves in circles for another 4 hours

in the forums

I call it the hourglass. By
counting the number of
grains that fall on the floor,
for example, like this, I can
pretty accurately determine
how long to fry an egg.